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Monaco - Monte Carlo Monaco Officially Principality of Monaco, French Principauté de Monaco, German Fürstentum von Monaco, sovereign principality located along the Mediterranean Sea in the midst of the resort area of the Côte d'Azur (French Riviera). The city of Nice lies 9 miles (15 km) to the west, the Italian border 5 miles (8 km) to the east. Monaco's tiny territory occupies a set of densely clustered hills and a headland that looks southward over the Mediterranean. The principality has an area of only about 0.73 square mile (1.9 square km). Many unusual features, however, have made Monaco among the most luxurious tourist resorts in the world and have given it a fame far exceeding its size. Rainier III, PRINCE DE MONACO Original name RAINIER-LOUIS-HENRI-MAXENCE-BERTRAND DE GRIMALDI (b. May 31, 1923, Monaco), 31st hereditary ruler of the principality of Monaco. He was the son of Prince Pierre, Count de Polignac, and Princess Charlotte de Monaco, daughter of Louis II, prince of Monaco. Rainier became a Grimaldi (i.e., received his mother's family name) in accord with a sovereign ordinance of March 18, 1920. The Grimaldi Family One of the major families of Genoa, prominent in Guelf (pro-papal) politics and supporters of the Angevin kings of Naples. The Grimaldis became lords of Monaco in the 15th century. Grace Kelly Also called (from 1956) PRINCESS GRACE OF MONACO, French PRINCESSE GRACE DE MONACO (b. Nov. 12, 1929, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.--d. Sept. 14, 1982, Monte Carlo, Monaco), American actress of films and television, known as a leading lady of stately beauty and reserve. She starred in 11 motion pictures before abandoning a Hollywood career to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956. Albert In full ALBERT-HONORÉ-CHARLES GRIMALDI (b. Nov. 13, 1848, Paris--d. June 26, 1922, Paris), prince of Monaco 1889-1922), seaman, amateur oceanographer, and patron of the sciences, whose contributions to the development of oceanography included innovations in oceanographic equipment and technique and the founding and endowment of institutions to further basic research. Lorenzo Monaco (Italian: Lorenzo the Monk), original name PIERO DI GIOVANNI (b. c. 1370/71, Siena, Republic of Siena--d. c. 1425, Florence), Italian painter in the International Gothic style whose work combined the rhythmic, graceful flow of line and decorative feeling of the Sienese school with the Florentine traditions of the followers of Giotto. He took the vows of the Camaldolese order in 1391 and lived mostly at the monastery of Sta. Maria degli Angeli, in Florence. Monte Carlo Resort, one of the four quartiers (sections) of Monaco. It is situated on an escarpment at the base of the Maritime Alps along the French Riviera, on the Mediterranean, just northeast of Nice, Fr. In 1856 Prince Charles III of Monaco granted a charter allowing a joint stock company to build a casino. The casino opened in 1861, and five years later the district around it was declared by the Prince to be Monte-Carlo. To revitalize the principality's economy, Monte-Carlo was transformed into a luxuriously beautiful playground for the world's rich. The casino includes an opera house (1878). The International Sporting Club (1932) is nearby. The gambling tables are open only to visitors to Monaco. The casino operating company, which was taken over by the government in 1967, contributes less than 5 percent of the annual state budget. High-rise hotels and apartment buildings have replaced many of Monte-Carlo's picturesque villas. Pop. (1982) 13,154. |
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